Tobacco Free Housing
In a Nutshell
Millions of Americans live in subsidized housing. Many of these residents are children, elderly, or disabled. Tobacco Free Housing policies forbid smoking within and near subsidized housing units and are becoming increasingly popular. Health and wellness and economic advantages are primary motivations for implementing such policies.
Practical Solution
The “How To”
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Tobacco-free housing policies typically focus on smoking. The idea behind smoke-free housing is the notion that smokers who live in subsidized housing are negatively affecting those around them. Secondhand smoke is known to have negative impacts on the health and wellness of all people, especially young children and the elderly. If a housing complex or unit manager decides to, he or she can implement a policy that forbids smoking within and around the subsidized housing units.
St. Clair County, Illinois, offers one example in the St. Louis region of a ban on smoking. The ban was put in place for three senior citizen housing complexes; two of them in Belleville and one in Centreville. Although the complexes only serve the elderly, the county has plans to extend the bans to other complexes of all ages.
The easiest time to implement a smoke- or tobacco-free policy is when the complex is vacant. If that is not possible, one way to implement the policy is one unit at a time. As the leases come up for renewal, it can be explained to the tenant that a tobacco-free policy is being implemented. Another way is to set a specific date when the tobacco-free policy will take effect. The idea behind this option is that the tenants will be given plenty of advanced notice and the entire complex will be affected at the same time. However, sometimes this option does not run as smoothly as intended and some units do not go tobacco-free until the new lease is established, anyway.
According to the Indiana State Department of Health, there are five steps public housing authorities can use to implement smoke-free policies:
- Make a plan; define if smoking will be prohibited indoors only or campus-wide.
- Engage with residents and consult resident boards when considering a new policy.
- Revise public housing authority plans, lease agreements, and/or lease addendums.
- Promote the new smoke-free policy.
- Enforce the new smoke-free policy.
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) advises management of public housing to implement smoke-free housing policies, and that they must follow three general guidelines:
- The policy must be in accordance with state and local laws
- The policy must address smoking in a tenant's unit, common areas, playground areas, areas near external windows and doors, and areas outside the units
- If there are any designated smoking areas, these areas must be indicated by clear signage
HUD also advises that these policies cannot:
- Deny occupancy solely on whether the tenant smokes or does not smoke
- Allow the management to ask an applicant whether they smoke or any members of their household smokes; the management must inform the residents of the adoption date if a smoke-free policy is being adopted
- Allow the management to ask a tenant, at the time of recertification, whether the tenant smokes or if any members of their household smokes
- Force existing tenants who smoke to move out or relocate within the complex when the smoke-free policy is adopted
Dollars & Cents
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Cost of Implementing Tobacco Free Housing Policies
Implementing a tobacco-free policy involves minimal costs. Speaking broadly, policy changes take a while to implement but do not typically cost a lot. Property owners and managers who adopt a smoke- or tobacco-free policy can expect to spend money on informational brochures, surveys, and handouts. New advertising, resident-engagement events, and the personnel costs of changing and modifying lease agreements may be costs to consider. As outlined below, the return on investment and long-term savings realized by smoke-free policies can be lucrative.
Savings Generated by Tobacco Free Housing Policies
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, eliminating smoking in all U.S. subsidized housing could save $521 million annually. The majority of this amount, estimated at $341 million, would come from reduced healthcare expenditures related to second hand smoke. Estimated savings in annual renovation expenses and annual smoking-related fire losses would also be substantial. In an article published by the Indiana State Department of Health, the US Fire Administration is cited as estimating there are 7,600 smoking-related fires which result in $326 million in property loss every year.
Restoring and Cleaning Smoke-Damaged Apartments
In the same article from the Indiana State Department of Health, it is stated that an extra $500 and $8,000 is required to restore a unit that housed someone who did not smoke vs. someone who did. According to Kennedy Restoration Co. from Portland, Oregon, the costs to restore and clean a 2-bedroom apartment after a smoker has lived there can reach $15,000. A more modest cost estimate is provided by the Sanford Housing Authority of Sanford, Maine. The Authority estimates that cleaning a unit which housed a smoker will cost between $1,070 and $1,670 compared to $550 for a unit that housed a non-smoker.
Measuring Success
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Adherance to tobacco- or smoke-free policies within a housing complex can be increased through education and dialogue between the residents and management pertaining to the benefits of a tobacco-free complex. The figures presented on the Dollars & Cents tab indicate that substantial amounts of money can be saved on things like insurance policies and maintenance costs.
For a housing authority, success of a tobacco-free policy would involve a successful advertising and planning process, a successful and low-stress implementation, and an understanding by the residents. The Dollars & Cents tab illustrates some tangible financial incentives property managers can calculate as successful benchmarks. The health of the residents will be improved, the property will require less maintenance and rehabilitation, and smoke-free policies may actually attract residents who do not want to deal with secondhand smoke near their units.
Case Studies
Discover More
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The Smoke-Free Environments Law Project provides additional resources including legal background to smoke-free policies, presentation materials on the danger of indoor smoking, and a database of public housing authorities that have enacted smoke-free policies.
The Respiratory Health Association from Chicago, Illinois also has many resources for smoke-free advocacy.
One part of implementing a tobacco free policy could be to issue a lease addendum. MySmokeFreeHousing.org, under the administration of the Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollution of Colorado, offers a smoke-free lease addendum which also includes penalties for violations.